Season the pork with salt and pepper. Add oil to a large skillet and pan-sear pork chop on one side until browned, about 3-minutes.
Remove pork to a plate and set aside.
In the same pan, add the onion. Cook for about 2 to 3 minutes or until translucent and browned on the edges.
Stir in garlic and cook until lightly browned and fragrant, about 1 minute.
Stir in the beans with the reserved liquid, lemon zest and juice, Herbes de Provence, red pepper flakes, salt and pepper.
Bring to a simmer and cook to slightly reduce the liquid, about 1 minute.
Remove from the heat. Stir in 1/4 cup of the Parmesan cheese.
Nestle the pork into the beans with the browned-side facing up, leaving the tops exposed.
Sprinkle the remaining 1/3 cup Parmesan over the chops and beans.
Put the skillet with the pork and beans in the cold oven on the middle rack and then turn the broiler to high.
Cook until an instant-read thermometer inserted horizontally into the center of a chop reads 145 degrees F and the cheese is melted and lightly browned, 5 to 10 minutes.
If the beans brown before the chops are done, move the skillet to a lower rack of the oven and continue cooking.
Remove from the oven and let stand for 3 minutes before serving.
While the pork is in the oven, dress the arugula with the olive oil, lemon juice, and salt and pepper to taste.
Transfer each chop to a plate, topping each with a portion of beans. Divide dressed arugula among the plates.